A Bat, a Horse, and an Eye Walk Into a Bar…

More pretty telescope pictures! Another clear night! Yay!

I wanted to try catching some new ones, and some old favorites. These will get added to the respective pages.

NGC 1788 / LDN 43 – Cosmic Bat Nebula

39m

2026-01-18

A challenging nebula to catch on the eVscope2, particularly in a city. A lot of the finer details are lost, the sensor probably lacks the resolution to do it justice, and the light pollution really limits the color depth available. I’ll keep it here for reference, but this might be an example of a deep sky object that’s not well suited for my setup.

B33 – Horsehead Nebula

50m

2026-01-18

I finally got a good night to revisit one of my favorites, the Horsehead nebula, and it did not disappoint. Subtle reds and blues, and a beautiful dark cloud. Be sure to let this one run a long time!

B33 – Horsehead Nebula

53m

2026-01-18

I wanted to recenter this one to capture more of that little nebula, to the left in this orientation.

NGC 2024 – Flame Nebula

40m

2026-01-18

If you look online for pictures of either the Flame Nebula or Horsehead Nebula, you’ll realize how close they are – about one moon-width apart. The eVscope can’t zoom, so you’ll never get both at the same time, but they’re both part of the much larger Orion Nebula complex, and the bright star at the edge of this frame is Alnitak, the left-most star in Orion’s belt.

NGC 7023 – Iris Nebula

50m

2026-01-18

I thought my earlier shot of this had weird artifacts (that looked like concentric circles), and I was right. This is a better image of a lovely nebula.

M66

19m

2026-01-18

The last photo I took that night (after midnight, hence the Jan 19 timestamp). I like this galaxy, an off-balance spiral that comes through reasonably well on the eVscope.

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First Clear Night in 2 months

It’s Seattle, in winter, and so it’s been 2 months since there was a clear night. Finally, last night was pretty good, but there were some high, wispy clouds that messed with the focus. I was able to get a set of 5 photos, my first set of 2026:

M42 – Orion Nebula

22m

2026-01-16

Always good to come back to the Orion Nebula, which is great on the eVscope.

NGC 1980 – Lower Sword

36m

2026-01-16

More of the Orion Nebula complex, the Lower Sword is a star cluster plus wisps of the nebula, which you can just make out in the top left of this image.

NGC 2237 – Rosette Nebula

19m

2026-01-16

Another very faint nebula that doesn’t seem to do well in the eVscope. You can see hints of pinks and reds, but not a full nebula like you might hope.

NGC 7000 – The North America Nebula

21m

2026-01-16

This is my attempt at 20h 46m 4s / +43:24:27, and again, it didn’t turn out great. It’s too thin and too dim to really work, given the lighting conditions.

NGC 2841

25m

2026-01-16

A nice little spiral galaxy, oft referred to as a flocculent spiral galaxy, because of the poorly-defined arms and thicker dusty regions (which you can’t really make out in this image, unfortunately). It’s nice, though.

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The City of Akri

This is the other post I made on reddit today, this time on r/Twoshirts.


The Tale of Twoshirts happens within the city of Akri, on the coast of the Grimecian Empire.

I created this map in Inkarnate. It was originally for my D&D campaign (see my origin story post over on r/TheTaleofTwoshirts for more about that). I renamed and moved a few things for Twoshirts, but the city itself appeared there first. The description in the book – as Twoshirts and Angie stand on the Upstairs and look down over the city – is nearly a cut-and-paste from the description I gave the players in the campaign.

The main feature of the city is that it’s split into three levels. Akri is on the shores of the Abysmal Sea, which is a crater formed by a massive arcane explosion. On the crater rim, one of the ensuing landslides separated the three levels of what would eventually become the city of Akri: the high, surrounding plateau, a crescent-shaped middle level, and a small bit of land that became the wharves and docks.

Given that as a narrative starting point, I went to Inkarnate, and started dropping in assets. This image is the result, and I learned a lot once I started naming things and identifying important locations.

For example:

The gates: some are obvious, but Northgate plays on the fact that I’m from Seattle, and Northgate is both a neighborhood and a large mall (unsurprisingly, at the north end of the city).

The stairs & neighborhoods: the city is bifurcated by the road between the main gate and the docks, and I thought it would be a bit silly if they simply named the sections the Up, the Down, the Left, and the Right. Given this, naming the upper stairs the Upstairs, and the lower stairs the Downstairs, seemed the next obvious choice. I mean, if Seattle can name a northern neighborhood Northgate, and another neighborhood named Southcenter (guess where?), then why not?

The university and environs: starting with the Wizard’s Tower at the easternmost point (to observe the newly-formed sea), things grew organically from there. The research wizards constructed houses that became the Wizard’s Warren, then a few university buildings, then one library, and then a few more, followed by fraternity housing for all those annoying students, who definitely needed all-night greasy spoons like the Pie and Piper.

The Royal Boathouse: if there’s a small secluded place where someone can buy waterfront property, then a rich guy’s gonna do it. It’s called the Royal Boathouse for pretense, not due to ownership.

The Iron Peanut Ship Repair & Construction Company: Late in campaign 1, the (now-high-level) players wanted to buy a boat. I needed a place for them to buy it. I don’t know why or how I came up with this name, but it’s perfect for a whimsical cozy fantasy, and so it moved to Akri in this world.

Akri was fun to make back in the D&D campaign, and knowing what I knew about it, it was the ideal place for Twoshirts and Boggle to start their adventure together.

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How Twoshirts All Began

Over on reddit, I’ve created r/Twoshirts and r/TheTaleofTwoshirts. This evening, I put up my first couple posts. I’m copying them here, but I also encourage everyone here to subscribe over there, and vice-versa. This is the first one, from r/Twoshirts.


In some ways, I blame Felicia Day, because it all started with The Guild. If you haven’t watched it, go watch it. Amazingly funny, inspired, and witty.

Watching The Guild led to watching Critical Role, because Felicia started Geek & Sundry, and gave Critical Role its original home.

Watching Critical Role reminded me that I used to play RPGs, all the way back to AD&D in the late 1970s, before I was even 10 years old. During middle school, every weekend, my gang of friends and I would sleep over at someone’s house. We’d play games like D&D, Champions, Paranoia, Toon, Battletech, Robotech, Call of Cthulhu, Twilight: 2000, and Bureau 13: Stalking the Night Fantastic (which inspired us to create our own parody RPG, titled Stalking the Stats Unrealistic). We rotated GMs and players – if someone had an idea, they ran a campaign for a weekend, or maybe a month. We came up with dozens of campaigns and worlds and stories and running jokes. And sometimes we just ran around shooting each other with nerf guns. It was awesome.

Decades later, I was watching Critical Role, and I realized that I had two kids that were about the same age as I was when I started playing D&D. I thought, what the heck, let’s give it a go and see if they like it, yeah? The wife was game to try, as well. I drew a map of a new continent on some graph paper. I picked a country, and then a city, baked some history, stir-fried some secret societies, and because all D&D campaigns start in a tavern, a caravan, or jail, I picked a tavern. I named it the Ivory Pound (with a proprietor named Rowlf, and go watch the Muppets to get that joke), and we were off.

My eldest still plays D&D with their friends in college. We lasted about a half-dozen sessions before my youngest made it clear he wasn’t interested in playing anymore.

A few years later, the creative itch was back, and I had this half-started campaign smoldering on a shelf in the library. I was working at Amazon, and I asked the wife if it’d be ok if I ran a D&D campaign one night a week, and she thought it was a great idea. I checked the Amazon wikis, signed up on an email list, and then sent an email asking if anyone was interested in joining a new campaign that I wanted to run. I was expecting 4 or 5 responses – hopefully enough to make a group.

I got just shy of 30 replies.

So… um… I guess a meeting? Where we figure out who wants to be in which campaign?

24 people showed up, and after sifting through what everyone wanted out of a campaign, we split into 4 or 5 groups, and six players joined mine.

We met weekly, after work, in one of the conference rooms. We played from 5:30 until 11pm… ish. We created minis in Hero Forge, and used wet erase mats for maps.

A year and a half later we were still going, and then COVID hit. We moved the game online. One player moved to the east coast; another to Michigan. But we kept playing, and 4 years later, we finished campaign 1, and started campaign 2.

I joined a friend’s game, as a player. Anyone who plays RPGs knows that you’re often thinking about new characters. So one day, I was fooling around with the idea of a goblin genie warlock, and wrote a backstory.

It’s weird when you read a little one-page story and realize that there’s a lot more “there” there. This little goblin boy wanted to tell me more, so I took him out of the character rotation, and started writing a book instead.

It’s also weird when you’re on a sabbatical, and you’re planning on finishing that book you started 10 years ago, but never finished, and this other little green guy waves his hand and beckons you in an entirely different direction.

I wrote 33,000 words in 8 days. At the end of those 8 days, I had a finished manuscript for a novella.

Some of Twoshirts’s backstory, and some of his world, is based on stuff I’d already written in campaign 1. Akri is a city from there, on the continent I sketched for my kids way back when.

But I knew Twoshirts was very distinct and different from D&D. I didn’t want monster-of-the-week. I wanted to focus on character and story. It was its own world, and thankfully, the fact that I’d done a fully-homebrew campaign was going to help with any copyright issues. So, similar to Critical Role, I went back and changed everything: new pantheon of gods, new rules for magic, and a new race, called the saurians.

I wanted to create a book, and a world, that was distinct, unique, humorous, and deep. I wanted to ask interesting questions. And I wanted to write a book that my kids might’ve wanted to read, when they started playing D&D. Or people that loved How to Train Your Dragon, or The Lord of the Rings, or anything on the Discworld or Xanth.

Twoshirts is – intentionally – NOT the kind of hero to save the world, and so the genre defaulted to cozy fantasy. But I wanted challenging problems in a complex world, so it needed to be small-e epic, rather than big-E Epic.

In other words, epic to Twoshirts. Not epic to everyone else.

Book 1 is pretty much done, and I’m querying agents and publishers. It’s at 47k words at the moment, and I’m trying to decide if I want to keep it as a novella – which nobody seems to want to publish – or expand it another 13k words to get it to the magic 60k threshold to call it a full novel.

Book 2 also has a full and finished manuscript. It’s currently at 55k words, which suggests that yeah, maybe I need to bulk up book 1 and flesh out book 2 a bit more.


For now, I’m trying to find people that are interested in the story. I’m going to talk about random stuff like D&D and movies and tropes over on r/Twoshirts, and specifically about the book series on r/TheTaleofTwoshirts. If you have any questions, ideas, or suggestions, feel free to reply here. I’m happy to answer & chat. My plan is to post once a week in each subreddit, and here on my website.

Thanks for reading, thanks for joining, and I hope one day you’ll get to read the books that I love to write.

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New Thanksgiving Space Photos!

Over the Thanksgiving weekend, we had a couple of clear nights for the first time in more than a month, and so I had to get out the telescope, right?

It wasn’t perfect in terms of weather, but it was the best in a long time. I managed to get the following pictures. Each will be added to their respective pages (star clusters, galaxies, & nebulae).

One complaint (in case anyone from Unistellar is reading) – I have always disliked that in order to observe with your telescope, you have to update it first. The “watch” button is literally replaced with an “update” button. That means you have to spend time updating before you can play, and this time around, it failed the first four or five times I tried. I had to delete EVERYTHING off the telescope’s storage to be able to finally apply the update. They should give you the option to observe without updating, and they should make it clear that you need to clear your storage, and/or prompt you to do so, before trying to apply the update.

M45 – Pleiades Cluster

21m

2025-11-29

Something I knew: the Subaru logo is based on the Pleiades. What I learned: it also contains a reflection nebula of ionized hydrogen (often referred to as a H II region). Super cool!

M77

24m

2025-11-30

A compact spiral galaxy, not great for the eVscope, but still, a nice little blob with a very bright center. I think the fact that I’m in a city means I lose the subtle spirals, and so I’m only really getting a good image of the center of the galaxy.

M42 – Orion Nebula

12m

2025-11-30

I mean, when the Orion Nebula is up, you gotta get a picture of it. It’s one of the best things that you can capture with the eVscope.

M74

8m

2025-11-30

I only was able to get 8 minutes on this small galaxy, but it’s nice, given the dwell time. It’s one of the dimmest Messier objects that you can capture with the eVscope.

NGC 6888 – Crescent Nebula

23m

2025-11-30

I think the fact that I’m in a city means I lose a lot of the more diaphanous areas of this nebula, but it’s about the right size for the eVscope. I think if I can get to a dark rural area, I might come back to this one, and let it bake for a long time.

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Engineering Layoffs = More Free Cash Flow

So I was going to post a different article – had it all queued up and ready to go – but then came across this CNBC article about how 40% of the recent 14k layoffs were in engineering.

I think this further supports my hypothesis that the layoffs were about Free Cash Flow (FCF) and making sure they had cash-in-hand in the next 6-18 months. Engineers and engineering managers are among the highest paid at their level, so cutting them means saving more money relative to the size of the layoffs.

Similarly, I heard from someone still at Amazon that the layoffs targeted low performers and long-tenure / high-earning folks. That explains why I saw so many friends making “After 12 years” and “After 19 years” posts. And again, it’s consistent with Amazon’s tight-fisted approach to cash.

I was going to reach out privately to my Amazon friends and ask them, but I’ll ask ’em here: how bad was Q4 prep with fewer headcount? DM me if you want, or reply here if you’re feeling frisky.

One rule at Amazon that’s been true for 25+ years: scale only goes up. Unless you’ve made sure that your already-redlining service can add another 30%, you’re going to fall over and die come November.

Ergo, teams at Amazon work overtime during Q3 to make sure they’re scaled, WHILE STILL delivering critical feature X before the holidays or Re:Invent. It was bad in the past, when I had full teams; it’s gotta be terrifying, now, with fewer heads.

(Funny story, I was hired to lead the Email Platform team in August, and in my first Q4, the business decided to send a Black Friday email to every Amazon customer during the week before Thanksgiving. We weren’t prepared, the service fell over and died repeatedly for 3 days straight, and the first and only time Bezos ever spoke to me was asking me to explain why at the following WBR. Fun times! I got 16 more Q4s after that, so not so bad, right?)

I honestly wonder how many teams had to cut features in Q3. I suspect a lot, in order to ensure they could scale for Q4 peak. The alternative is they didn’t scale, and that’d be bad, in several different terrifying ways.

I guess we’ll know. If there’s a sudden spike in “Amazon is down” or “AWS is down” problems over the next 2 weeks, then … oopsie?

I’m genuinely curious about how things will go for Amazon this Q4. It sure seems they’re expecting to need a fair bit of cash in hand to deal with what’s coming.

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So You Want To Be a Manager? What Do You Do If…

I’ve mentored several people that asked about moving from IC roles (like SDE or PM) to leadership roles (like SDM). When they do, I tell them this story:

“As a manager, you need to be comfortable answering the following question. I don’t need you to answer it; I just want you to talk about how comfortable you would be answering it. The question is:

“What do you do when someone comes into your office and tells you that their coworker smells?”

I ask them honestly, and let them respond. I prompt them to talk about their feelings, and their approach, rather than the answer itself.

Eventually I tell them: you need to be prepared for these kinds of problems, because once you accept responsibility for dealing with… well, basically any problem, you’re then going to have lots of problems to deal with. And I tell them that the “roommate smells” question is the easy, funny one; the hard one is when they tell you they’re being sexually harassed.

My advice, once you’re a manager? Talk to HR early on. Create a good relationship with them. It’s part of their job.

Next? Seek guidance, particularly if it’s your first time. Talk to your boss. Read your company’s harassment and discrimination policies, so you know what to do when they come into your office with that look on their face.

Lastly, and most importantly? Be supportive and honest with your people. Trust them when they say there’s a problem. When someone joins your team, tell them in your first one-on-one that you will listen to them and help them if they come with a complaint of sexual harassment, or racial bias, or anything similar. This is a HARD conversation, particularly with someone new to your team. You barely know them, they barely know you, and you’re telling them that if one of the worst possible work-related things happens to THEM, then they can come to you.

I’ve had that conversation enough times that I have a speech nearly memorized, but I always choke up a bit when I get into it, and I always feel uncomfortable. But it’s important, and it’s the right kind of uncomfortable.

I worried at first if this was the right thing to do, until one of my reports told me they appreciated not only that I’d done it, but that I did it in our first one-on-one. It showed them I trusted them, that I cared about these kinds of things, and that I wasn’t afraid to talk about the hard topics.

I felt even more validated when a second person, later in my career, did the same.

And finally, someone came to me, after they’d left my org and gone to another team, with this kind of a problem, because they trusted me more than their current leadership.

That’s when I knew, and that’s why I coach people to think about this story. Be brave in the face of your own discomfort, have the hard conversations, and be ready to deal with whatever happens.

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New Page: Twoshirts!

The observant may have noticed a new page in the header and new category in the right menu bar: Twoshirts!

The Tale of Twoshirts is the debut novella in a 5-book cozy fantasy series aimed at young adults and the young-at-heart. It’s been one of the major projects that I’ve been working on since June. The first book is done, the second has a full manuscript, and I’m currently querying agents and publishers. I went to the PNWA conference back in September, and I’ve participated in a couple of online pitch events, so I figured it’s about time that Twoshirts got his own page and category on this site.

Head on over to the page to learn about Twoshirts, Boggle, their friends, the city of Akri, and Professor Thumbwhistle.

Depending on what people want, I might post quotes and snippets, answer questions, or maybe the Prologue (and maybe even subsequent chapters, if people want). My goal is to get it published (in print, not self-published), and eventually maybe even an animated series or a movie (if I’m super lucky). For now, I want to get it out there, see if there’s interest, and launch this part of the marketing machine that it’s going to (hopefully) eventually need. I’ve learned that a lot of the work of being a writer has nothing to do with writing, and this is one example.

Thanks! Leave a comment if you’re interested, have some feedback or questions, or just want to offer some support.

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About What Andy Said…

“The announcement that we made a few days ago was not really financially driven, and it’s not even really AI-driven, not right now at least. It’s culture.”

That’s what Amazon CEO Andy Jassy said after the layoffs last week. Ignoring its tone-deafness (for now), I want to question the “culture” bit.

Long ago, I worked in the same building as Jeff Wilke. We often chatted in the elevator, usually on the way up from the parking garage. He was the CEO of Amazon Retail, and the #2 Jeff at Amazon.

I attended Jeff Wilke’s seminal talk on “a culture of and.”

Most companies are cultures of or. Add new customers OR improve customer service. Create loyal customers OR charge for luggage. Companies that “are the industry’s best X” usually thrive by sacrificing one thing to be the best at another. Airlines are the obvious example. Cell phone companies. Grok. Starbucks. Krispy Kreme Donuts.

But Wilke believed that the most successful companies were the ones with a culture of and. That’s why Amazon wanted the best prices AND the fastest delivery AND the best customer service.

Wilke explained that Amazon’s leadership principles were intentionally constructed to create a culture of and. They’re SUPPOSED have tension.

Every single one contradicts at least one other. Some even contradict themselves. That’s the point.

Amazon pushed to do it all. Delivering results with low standards was as bad as not delivering results because we kept the standards high. Bias for action without diving deep was an anti-pattern, and a sign of a disengaged leader. Having backbone was actually bad if you wouldn’t also commit.

Last week, Andy said, “It’s culture.”

His culture isn’t the culture that I learned from Jeff Wilke.

If I were to chat with Andy in the elevator, I’d ask: where in the leadership principles does it say that leaders lead “the world’s largest startup?” Where is “flatness” mentioned?

I’d point out that leaders earn trust. I’d say that leaders hire and develop the best. I’d refer to being earth’s best employer, and how leaders shoulder the responsibility of being better, and doing better, for their employees.

I’d tell him that when I think about what Amazon culture used to be – the one that Wilke advocated for – it was about ALL of the leadership principles, and the culture of and.

And I’d tell him that the “culture” that he’s fostering is a culture of or, instead of a culture of and.

PS: I personally knew several 10- and 15-plus-year veterans that he laid off last week. I’d also mention that implying that they were somehow bad for Amazon’s culture is not only tone-deaf, but downright mean.About What Andy Said…

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More on the Amazon Layoffs

So my last post went viral (thanks reddit!), and I appreciate the comments & feedback. Anyone looking for a good boss should check my post history on LinkedIn.

I received some interesting questions! Some I already answered on my website, arneknudson.com, but here’s one of the big ones:

If the reason for the layoffs isn’t post-COVID downsizing, and isn’t optimizations from AI, then what is it?

To answer that, a disclaimer first: This isn’t investment advice. Take no financial action based on this. It’s my opinion, with little actual evidence, and layered with dollops of speculation. E.g., I might WILDLY speculate that the cost of each corporate employee is $500k/year in salary+benefits+stock; ergo, cutting 30k of ‘em saves about $15BB/year.

So… why layoffs?

It comes down to Free Cash Flow (FCF). Amazon wants cash in hand.

First, GPUs are expensive. AWS is feverishly reallocating space to GPU racks. Tying up cash in infrastructure is a hefty negative to FCF, until you sell it.

Second, Trump’s economy is hurting both Amazon Retail and AWS.

Amazon Retail (both 1P and 3P) is disproportionately affected by tariffs. Case in point: when Trump eliminated the de minimis exemption, it destroyed the small 3P sellers. Amazon monitors 3P sales and, if sales are good, they’ll buy their own supply and undercut their price. But killing de minimis killed the small sellers. Amazon stopped competing, and entire product segments went “out of stock.”

Similarly, every time there’s a random tariff announcement, huge ships literally stop in the middle of the ocean and wait for Trump to go TACO. That’s a problem for the lean machine of Amazon Fulfillment.

As for AWS? It’s disproportionately affected by a downturn in the tech economy. When tech companies cut costs or go out of business, AWS’s YoY growth shrinks. Sure, AWS will be making money hand over fist on GPUs. But if AWS loses revenue from struggling non-AI businesses, they can now offset about $15BB of that. Why? So they can keep up their FCF.

Amazon released earnings last night. Mega profits, bigly sales, stock price go brrrt, yay! But check out this slide, which is slide 12 from Amazon’s Q3 2025 earnings call slide deck:

FCF is cratering, and if the trend continues, it’s going to be about $3.2B in Q4, and NEGATIVE $5.5BB in Q1’26. (To be clear, Amazon reported ~$61BB in cash & equivalent holdings; so a negative FCF means that number will start to go down, NOT that they’re going to go into debt.)

I believe the economy is hurting Amazon Retail and AWS. And while exploding GPU costs are a problem, I think the layoffs are mostly about offsetting the tariff-related costs in Retail, maintaining AWS’s high FCF, and maximizing cash in hand for the next 12-18 months.

And maximizing cash in hand NOW is a big ol’ red flag for what Amazon thinks about the economy.

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